History of the name of Indonesia

History of the name of Indonesia
For the article on behalf of the people of Indonesia, see Names Indonesia
Past records refer to the islands in between Indochina and Australia with various names.Chronicles the Chinese call this region as the Nan-hai ("the South Sea Islands").Various ancient records of India named this archipelago nation Dwipantara ("Across the Islands Land"), a name derived from the Sanskrit word Dwipa (island) and between (the outside, opposite). Poet Valmiki Ramayana tells the search for Sprott, Ravana kidnapped Rama's wife, to Suwarnadwipa ("Island of Gold", estimated the island of Sumatra today) located in the Islands Dwipantara.The Arabs called the region's islands as Jaza'ir al-Jawi (Java Island). Latin name for frankincense, benzoe, derived from the Arabic name, Luban ox ("incense of Java"), because the Arab traders to obtain incense from sumatrana Styrax tree trunk that used to only grow in Sumatra. To this day pilgrims we are still often called "Javanese" by the Arabs, including for people from outside Java, Indonesia once. In Arabic, also known the names Samathrah (Sumatra), Sholibis (Sulawesi Island), and Sundah (Sunda) called kulluh Jawi ("all Java").The Europeans who first came thought that Asia is only composed of Arabs, Persians, Indians and Chinese. For them, the area stretching between Persia and China are all Indian. South Asia peninsula they called "Indian Face" and the mainland of Southeast Asia called "Indies Back", while the archipelago takes its name Indian Islands (Indische Archipel, Indian Archipelago, l'Archipel Indien) or East Indies (Oost Indie, East Indies, Indes Orientales ). Another name that would also use the "Malay Archipelago" (Maleische Archipel, Malay Archipelago, l'Archipel Malais).Political unit which was under Dutch colonial has an official name Nederlandsch-Indie (Dutch East Indies). The government uses the term 1942-1945 Japanese occupation of To-Indo (East Indies) to refer to the conquests of the archipelago.Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-1887), known by the pseudonym Multatuli, ever wear a name that is specific to mention the Indonesian archipelago, which is "Insulinde", which means also "Indian Archipelago" (in Latin "insula" means island). The name "Insulinde" This was less popular, though never a newspaper's name and organization of movement in the early 20th century.
The name IndonesiaIn 1847 in Singapore published an annual scientific magazine, the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (JIAEA, BI: "Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia")), which is managed by James Richardson Logan (1819-1869), a Scotsman who took a law degree from the University of Edinburgh. Then in 1849 a British ethnologist nation, George Samuel Windsor Earl (1813-1865), joined as editor of the magazine JIAEA.In the year 1850 JIAEA volume IV, pages 66-74, Earl wrote articles On The Leading Characteristics of the Papuan, Australian and Malay-Polynesian Nations ("On the Characteristics of the Nations Leading Papuan, Australian and Malay-Polynesian"). In his article was Earl confirmed that it was time for the people of Indian Islands or Malay Archipelago to have a unique name (a distinctive name), because the Indian name is inappropriate and often confused with another mention of India. Earl filed two options name: Indunesia or Malayunesia ("nesos" in Greek means "island"). On page 71 an article was written (translated to Indonesian from English):

"... People of Indian or Malay Archipelago Islands each will be" People Indunesia "or" People Malayunesia "".
Earl himself claims to choose a name Malayunesia (Malay Archipelago) than Indunesia (Indian Islands), because Malayunesia very appropriate for the Malay race, while Indunesia can also be used to Ceylon (as Sri Lanka time) and the Maldives (as foreign to the Maldives Islands). Earl also argues that the language used throughout the Malay archipelago. In writing the Earl's use of the term and not use the term Malayunesia Indunesia.In Volume IV JIAEA also, pages 252-347, James Richardson Logan write an article The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago ("Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago"). In early writings, Logan also stated the need for a typical name for the islands of our homeland, because the term Indian Archipelago ("Indian Islands") is too long and confusing. Logan then picked up a discarded Indunesia name Earl, and the letter u replaced with the letter o that his words better. Thus was born the term Indonesia. [1]And it proves that most of the Europeans continue to believe that residents in these islands is the Indians, a nickname which is maintained because it was already familiar in Europe.For the first time the word Indonesia appears in the world with the printed text on page 254 in Logan (translated into Bahasa Indonesian):

"Mr. Earl suggested the term ethnography" Indunesian ", but reject it and support the" Malayunesian ". I would prefer a purely geographical term" Indonesia ", which is only a shorter synonym for the islands in the Indian or Indian Archipelago"
When proposing the name "Indonesia" Logan does not seem to realize that later on that name will become the official name. Since then Logan has consistently used the name "Indonesia" in scientific writings, and gradually spread usage of this term among scientists fields of ethnology and geography. [1]In 1884 the professor of ethnology at the University of Berlin named Adolf Bastian (1826-1905) published a book Indonesien oder die Inseln Malayischen Archipel des ("Indonesia or islands in the Malay Archipelago") as much as five volumes, containing the results of his research when it wanders in the islands in 1864 until 1880. Bastian is a book that popularized the term "Indonesia" among the Dutch scholar, so that could arise assumption that the term "Indonesia" Bastian's creation. Opinion that is not true that, among others listed in the Encyclopedie van Nederlandsch-Indie 1918. In fact, Bastian took the term "Indonesia" was from the writings of Logan.Natives who first used the term "Indonesia" is Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara). When exiled to Holland in 1913 he established a press office with the name Indonesische Persbureau.Name Indonesisch (Dutch pronunciation for "Indonesia") is also introduced as a substitute Indies ("Ocean") by Prof. Cornelis van Vollenhoven (1917). Correspondingly, inlander ("native") is replaced by Indonesians (the "Indonesia").PoliticalIn the 1920s, the name "Indonesia" which is a scientific term in ethnology and geography were taken over by the figures of the Indonesian independence movement, thus the name "Indonesia" finally has a political meaning, namely the identity of a people who fight for independence. As a result, the Dutch government became suspicious and wary of Logan's use of the word creation. [1]In 1922 at the initiative of Mohammad Hatta, a student Handels Hoogeschool (Higher School of Economics) in Rotterdam, students and student organizations in the Netherlands East Indies (which formed in 1908 as the Indische Vereeniging) changed its name to Indonesische Vereeniging or Perhimpoenan Indonesia. Their magazine, Indian Poetra, renamed Indonesia Merdeka.Bung Hatta asserted in his writings,

"Independent State of Indonesia which will come (de Vrije Indonesische toekomstige staat) impossible-called" Dutch East Indies ". Nor is it" Indian "thing, because it may cause errors with the native Indians. For us the name of Indonesia declared a political objective (een Politiek doel ), because it symbolizes and aspire to a homeland in the future, and to make it happen every person Indonesia (Indonesians) will strive with all effort and ability. "
In Indonesia Dr. Sutomo Indonesische Study Club founded in 1924. That same year the Indian Communist Union renamed the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). In 1925 Jong Islamieten Bond form Nationaal scouting Indonesische Padvinderij (Natipij). That the three organizations in the country which first used the name "Indonesia". Finally the name "Indonesia" was named the name of homeland, nation, and language on the density-Pemoedi Pemoeda Indonesia dated October 28, 1928, which is now known as the Youth Pledge.In August 1939 three members of the Volksraad (People's Council; parliament the Dutch East Indies), Muhammad Husni Thamrin, Wiwoho Purbohadidjojo, and Sutardjo Kartohadikusumo, filed a motion to the Government of the Netherlands to name Indonesie inaugurated as a substitute for the name "Nederlandsch-Indie". This request was rejected.With the occupation of Japan on March 8, 1942, gone are the name "Dutch East Indies". On August 17, 1945, following the declaration of the Proclamation of Independence, was born of the Republic of Indonesia.